THE E<PAIPOMAXIA IN THE SPARTAN ArnrH

Authors

Abstract

In this work, various textual evidence, and some epigraphics, are analyzed with the purpose of clarifying the place and meaning of boxing (sphairomachía) within the political organization of the Lacedaemonians and, in particular, their civic education. Based on this evidence, the two rival interpretations that have dominated the debate around this issue in the secondary literature are jointly evaluated. Finally, a ‘philosophical’ reflection is carried out in which the notion of ‘virtue’ is considered in relation to the body and good physical condition (euexia), following Aristotle’s statements in the Nicomachean Ethics.

Keywords:

Pugilism, ­ Boxing, Virtue, Education, Self­-control, Sport

Author Biography

Luciano Garófalo, Universidad Católica de Temuco

Doctor en Filosofía. Académico Departamento de Filosofía, Universidad Católica de Temuco.
Correo electrónico: lgarofalo@uct.cl

References

Fuentes

Allen, Th. (1917). Homeri Opera. Tomus III. Odysseae Libros I-XII continens.

Oxonii: Oxford University Press.

Bekker, I. (1854). Suidae Lexicon. Berlin: Reimer.

Bethe, E. (1900). Pollucis Onomasticon. Fasciculus prior. Lib. I–V continens. Leipzig: B. G. Teubner.

Boeckh, A. y Franz, J. (1853). Corpus Inscriptionum Graecarum. Volumen III. Berlin: Reimer.

–––. (1828). Corpus Inscriptionum Graecarum. Volumen V. Berlin: Reimer.

Burnet, J. (1900-1907). Platonis Opera. Volumes I-V. Oxonii: Oxford University Press.

Bywater, I. (1894). Aristotelis Ethica Nicomachea. Oxonii: Oxford University Press.

Cole, F. (1961). Plutarch’s Moralia. Volume III. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.

Cunningham I. C. y Hansen, P. A. (2009). Hesychii Alexandrini Lexicon. Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyer.

Decleva, F. (1966). Antisthenis Fragmenta. Milano: Istituto Editoriale Cisalpino. Deubner, L. & Klein, U. (1975). Iamblichi De vita Pythagorica Liber. Stuttgart: B. G. Teubner.

Dilts, M. R. (2002). Demosthenis Orationes. Tomus I. Oxonii: Oxford University Press.

Dorandi, T. (2013). Diogenes Laertius. Lives of Eminent Philosophers. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Harris, H. A. (1979). Greek Athletes and Athletics. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press.

Jüthner, J. (1909). Philostratos. Über Gymnastik. Leipzig und Berlin: B. G. Teubner. Harmon, A. M. (1961). Lucian in eight volumes. Volume IV. Cambridge, Massachusetts: William Heinemann – Harvard University Press (Loeb Classical Library).

Hude, K. (1969). Xenophontis Historia Graeca. Stuttgart: B. G. Teubner.

Jones, W. H. S. & Ormerod, H. A. (1960). Pausanias. Description of Greece Volume II: Books 3-5. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.

Liddell, H. G. & Scott, R. (1996). A Greek-English Lexicon. New York: Oxford University Press.

Lipka, M. (2002). Xenophon’s Spartan Constitution. Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter.

Nauck, A. (1886). Porphyrii Philosophi Platonici. Opuscula selecta. Leipzig: B. G. Teubner.

Paton, W. (1926). Polybius. The Histories. Volume V. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.

Perrin, B. (1967). Plutarch’s Lives. Volume I. Theseus and Romulus. Lycurgus and Numa. Solon and Publicola. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.

Pohlenz, M. (1918). M. Tulli Ciceronis. Tusculanae Disputationes. Berlin: Walter de Gruyer. Reimp. 2008.

Rico, M. (1973). La República de los Lacedemonios. Madrid: Instituto de Estudios Políticos.

Rocha-Pereira, M. H. (1989). Pausaniae. Graeciae Descriptio. Volume I. Leipzig: B. G. Teubner.

Ross, W. D. (1957). Aristotelis Politica. Oxonii: Oxford University Press. Shackleton, D. R. (1961). M. Tulli Ciceronis. Epistulae. Volume II. Epistulae ad Atticum. Oxonii: Oxford University Press.

Slings, S. R. (2003). Platonis Rempublicam. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Stallbaum, G. (1825). Eustathii archiepiscopi Thessalonicensis comentarii ad Homeri Odysseam. Lipsiae: Weigel.

Literatura secundaria

Chrimes, K. M. T. (1949). Ancient Sparta. A Re-examination of the Evidence. Manchester: Manchester University Press.

Fornis, C. (2012). “Laconismo frente a retórica. Aforismo y brevilocuencia en el lenguaje espartano”, en AA. VV. (eds.). Lógos y Arkhé. Discurso político y autoridad en la Grecia Antigua. Buenos Aires: Miño y Dávila Editores, pp. 49-67.

Kennell, N. (1995). The Gymnasium of Virtue. Education and Culture in Ancient Sparta. Chapell Hill: The University of Caroline Press.

König, J. (2016). “Re-reading Pollux: Encyclopaedic structure and athletic culture in “Onomasticon” Book 3”, The Classical Quarterly, 66/1, pp. 298-315.

Millender, E. (2018). “Spartan Women”, en Powell, A (ed.). A Companion to Sparta. Volume II. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Blackwell, pp. 500-524.

Morrow, G. (1993). Plato’s Cretan City. A Historical Interpretation of the Laws. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.

Schneider, K. (1929). “Σφαιρομαχία”, en Pauly, A. F. y Wissowa, G. (1893-1980). Paulys Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft. Stuttgart: Metzler.

Woodward, A. M. (1951). “Some Notes on the Spartan Σφαιρεῖς”, The Annual of the British School at Athens, 46, pp. 191-199.