https://revistahospitalclinico.uchile.cl/index.php/RHCUC Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile es-ES Revista Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile 0716-7849 <p><strong>DECLARACIÓN ACCESO ABIERTO. </strong>Esta es una revista de acceso abierto, lo que significa que todo el contenido está disponible gratuitamente para el usuario o su institución. Los usuarios pueden leer, descargar, copiar, distribuir, imprimir, buscar o enlazar a los textos completos de los artículos, o utilizarlos para cualquier otro fin lícito, sin necesidad de solicitar permiso previo al editor o al autor. Esto se ajusta a la definición de acceso abierto de BOAI (Budapest Open Access Initiative).</p> <p><strong>LICENCIA CC BY. </strong><strong> </strong>La Revista Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile ha adoptado la licencia CC-BY, acorde con las definiciones de Creative Commons, la que “permite que otros distribuyan, remienden, adapten y creen a partir de su trabajo, incluso con fines comerciales, siempre que le asignen el debido crédito a la creación original.”</p> https://revistahospitalclinico.uchile.cl/index.php/RHCUC/article/view/79926 Juan Pablo Valdevenito S. Viviana Zemelman D. Derechos de autor 2025 Juan Pablo Valdevenito S., Viviana Zemelman D. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 2025-07-30 2025-07-30 36 2 95 6 10.5354/2735-7996.2025.79926 https://revistahospitalclinico.uchile.cl/index.php/RHCUC/article/view/79928 Introduction: Aging involves biological processes influenced by environmental factors that impact nutritional status. In Chile, this represents a challenge due to accelerated demographic aging. This study aims to evaluate the nutritional status of people over 65 years in Chile in December 2020. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on the nutritional status of 680,626 elderly persons enrolled in the National Program of Integral Health of the Elderly. Age-adjusted body mass index (BMI) was used to classify underweight, normal-weight, overweight and obesity, stratifying by region, sex and age subgroup. Chi-square tests evaluate associations. Results: 9.4% were underweight, 36% normal-weight, 29.3% overweight and 25.3% obese. Higher underweight prevalence was noted in northern regions and higher obesity in southern regions. Obesity rates were higher in women across all age groups but narrowed with age. Discussion: higher obesity rates may result from higher calorie intake and reduced physical activity due to weather. Underweight is more common among older individuals, while younger age groups show higher overweight and obesity rates, possibly due to mortality and age-related BMI changes. Conclusions: Significant regional and demographic disparities in elderly nutritional status in Chile highlight the need for tailored public health interventions. Pilar González P. Carlos Abarca A. Derechos de autor 2025 Pilar González P., Carlos Abarca A. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 2025-07-30 2025-07-30 36 2 97 113 10.5354/2735-7996.2025.79928 https://revistahospitalclinico.uchile.cl/index.php/RHCUC/article/view/79929 Antonia Arrate V. Daniela Méndez M. Loreto Lara P. Camilo Leal M. Lizbet Pérez M. Derechos de autor 2025 Antonia Arrate V., Daniela Méndez M., Loreto Lara P., Camilo Leal M., Lizbet Pérez M. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 2025-07-30 2025-07-30 36 2 114 15 10.5354/2735-7996.2025.79929 https://revistahospitalclinico.uchile.cl/index.php/RHCUC/article/view/79932 Antonia Arrate V. Daniela Méndez M. Loreto Lara P. Camilo Leal M. Camila Yáñez A. Lizbet Pérez M. Derechos de autor 2025 Antonia Arrate V., Daniela Méndez M., Loreto Lara P., Camilo Leal M., Camila Yáñez A., Lizbet Pérez M. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 2025-07-30 2025-07-30 36 2 135 7 10.5354/2735-7996.2025.79932 https://revistahospitalclinico.uchile.cl/index.php/RHCUC/article/view/79930 Systemic sclerosis (SS) is a rare autoimmune disease that can affect the skin and internal organs like lungs, heart, bowel and kidneys, which are responsible for the main part of the morbidity associated with this disease. In Otolaryngology, the main complaint that is seen in these patients is dysphagia, but there are other symptoms, like deafness and dizziness that may not be life threatening, but do affect the quality of life. According to the available evidence, the ear involvement might be related to microvascular changes occurring in the stria vascularis, leading to fibrosis involving de basal portion of the cochlea, therefore, compromising high frequencies. In addition, it might be responsible for the hair cells loss that has been seen in some patients. It has been reported that patients with SS present more frequently dizziness and vertigo, but the exact mechanisms behind this compromise is unknown. On the other hand, dysphagia is caused by a variety of mechanisms involved in the different stages of deglutition and is associated with higher mortality. Therefore, knowing that SS can explain these symptoms may aid in making an early diagnosis improving not only the quality of life, but also the patients’ prognosis. Romina Pulgar C. Derechos de autor 2025 Romina Pulgar C. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 2025-07-30 2025-07-30 36 2 116 24 10.5354/2735-7996.2025.79930 https://revistahospitalclinico.uchile.cl/index.php/RHCUC/article/view/79931 This review examines the current state of secondary findings (SF) in clinical exome sequencing, including their frequency, clinical relevance, ethical implications, psychological impact, and future perspectives in preventive and personalized medicine. A comprehensive literature review was conducted analyzing recent publications on SF in exome sequencing, including prevalence studies, clinical management guidelines, ethical frameworks, and psychological impact assessments. The prevalence of SF ranges from 1.1% to 8% across different populations, with the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) expanding its recommended gene list for reporting SF from 56 genes in 2013 to 81 genes in 2023. Studies indicate that while SF disclosure can initially cause psychological distress, most patients value this information for its preventive potential. Technical challenges include variable coverage of SF genes across laboratories and limitations in detecting copy number variants, while cost-effectiveness studies suggest modest healthcare cost increases associated with SF disclosure. Secondary findings in exome sequencing offer significant opportunities for preventive medicine while presenting complex clinical, psychological, and ethical challenges, where standardization of practices, improved analytical tools, and focus on education and equity are crucial for maximizing their benefits in genomic medicine. Francisca Sepúlveda B. Rosa Andrea Pardo V. Derechos de autor 2025 Francisca Sepúlveda B., Rosa Andrea Pardo V. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 2025-07-30 2025-07-30 36 2 125 34 10.5354/2735-7996.2025.79931 https://revistahospitalclinico.uchile.cl/index.php/RHCUC/article/view/79933 Derechos de autor 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 2025-07-30 2025-07-30 36 2 138 82